The rally was the fastest in world championship history, with Rovanpera winning in Jyvaskyla at an average speed of 129.95kph over the four days, beating teammate Takamoto Katsuta by 39.2 seconds.
Eight-time world champion Sebastien Ogier completed the podium, ahead of Evans and Finland's Sami Pajari, with Hyundai's reigning champion Thierry Neuville sixth.
Double world champion Rovanpera is now second overall, just three points behind Evans, and back in title contention after nine of 14 rounds.
"We really worked hard for this one, I was driving really on the limit this weekend and really pushing a lot. We really needed the points and it was good at the end," said a jubilant Rovanpera.
The Toyota sweep was only the second time in world championship history, after Lancia in Portugal in 1990, that a manufacturer had filled the top five places.
Hyundai's previous championship leader Ott Tanak collected a five-minute penalty on Friday for an incident with a scrutineer and finished 10th, dropping to fourth in the standings.
The WRC now heads to Paraguay for the very first time at the end of August.